NE-100 is potent inhibitor of the sigma receptor (σ) with selectivity for sigma-1 (IC50=1.5 nM) over sigma-2 (IC50=85 nM)1,2. NE-100 suppressed ischemia-induced neuronal cell death in mice via upregulation of GRP78 through the ATF6 pathway resulting in suppression of ER stress-induced cell death in a sigma-1-independent manner3.